russia

  • In Western Europe, people see history as something safely behind them. They mark anniversaries and keep records. They have thoughtful conversations about the past. Then, they get back to discussing economic growth or how to run the place more smoothly. After the Cold War, most folks there assumed Europe had moved into a “post-historical” phase.

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  • For years, Germany held Europe together with its steady hand—always cautious, always focused on building consensus, and powered by a strong economy. Now, as war rattles the continent and security feels more urgent than ever, Germany’s reluctance is just as powerful as its old leadership style. In this essay, I’ll look at how Germany’s past,…

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  • Poland is no longer simply following Europe’s lead. Positioned on the continent’s eastern edge, it has become a central actor in questions of security, memory, and power—shaping Europe’s future rather than merely inheriting it.

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